The 2am Club: Own Your Night.

Waking up early has traditionally been put equal to being good, efficient, even heroic. Early risers have been praised in literature such as The 5am Club. One of the recommendations in that book is to go to bed at 10pm. Great, that’s the time when I am most creative. How about normalizing diversity in people’s biorhythms? For some, waking up at 5am is not even a challenge – they are programmed that way by nature. Then there are night owls like me. If I’d follow my body rhythm I’d probably wake up at noon and go to bed at 4am. I am an involuntary 5am club member though, as in my daily job my day often starts at 5am due to the time difference between California and our headquarters in Stockholm. My colleagues know: at 5am I may look awake but my brain is at 30% capacity. Moreover, when it gets exposed to the 5am torture it never reaches 100% that day. I found a life-hack to go for a nap when I’m done with the bulk of my morning meetings so that I look and feel like a human when I reach the office in the afternoon. My brain gets fooled by that restart and starts being creative again.

Photo by Chris Montgomery

In his epic TED Talk “Choice, Happiness and Spaghetti Sauce”, Malcom Gladwell said: “By embracing the diversity of human beings you will find your way to true happiness”. Our society has done a good job embracing gender, cultural, and age diversity, and even the diversity when it comes to our taste preferences (and monetized on that). Biorhythmic diversity has not received much attention though. Working nine to five has been a standard for many office workers in the past. Covid-19 forced many companies into mandatory remote work in the past that has now transformed into hybrid ways of working, where people get to spend part of the working week working remotely, and the rest from the office. Remote work opens opportunities to work across time zones, and time your days to optimize your biorhythmic efficiency.

Photo by Mikael Kristenson

Our society is made for early risers. Schools start early, and I feel the everyday suffering of my kids who inherited my night owl genes. My daughter’s morning ritual in order to wake up is pouring cold water on her face, among other things like multiple alarm clocks and shaking her heavily. Even that does not always help. At the same time, she rarely falls asleep before 2am.

Let’s give recognition to the night owls, who code, write, create, innovate, design and do their best job at their most efficient hours. Let’s not shame people who turn up at the office by 10am or later – they are probably doing what’s best for the employer they are working for – working when they are most efficient.

Photo by Jefferson Santos

The Lagom of AI Hype

“Lagom” is a Swedish term that doesn’t have a direct translation in English but roughly means “just the right amount” or “just enough.” It embodies the idea of moderation and balance in various aspects of life. It suggests not too much, not too little, but rather an optimal or suitable amount. 

Photo by Jen P.

Let’s talk about the current AI hype that is not directly lagom. Today, generative AI has sparked hype due to its impressive ability to create content like text, images, and music. People are fascinated by its creativity, potential applications across industries, and the possibility of disrupting traditional creative fields. Media coverage amplifies excitement, and while in recent years many people started identifying as AI experts, nowadays we mostly hear about generative AI.

Photo by Edwin Andrade

This hype is not new to AI. The history of AI is characterized by alternating waves of hype and skepticism, commonly known as “AI summers” and “AI winters”. Each wave begins with excitement and high expectations for AI’s potential to revolutionize various fields, driven by breakthroughs in technology and promising research findings. However, these periods of optimism are often followed by disappointment in the potential of new technology when progress fails to meet initial promises, leading to lowered interest known as an AI winter. Despite these AI winters, each cycle has contributed to the advancement of the field, as lessons learned during periods of skepticism have led to new approaches, innovations, and renewed enthusiasm in subsequent waves of AI development.

Any hype has pros and cons. On the positive side, hype can generate a lot of awareness and interest, driving investment and innovation in a particular area. It can catalyze research and development efforts, leading to breakthroughs and advancements that may not have been possible otherwise. Additionally, hype triggers excitement, mobilizing communities to explore new possibilities. However, hype can also create unrealistic expectations, leading to disappointment if the promised benefits fail to materialize. 

The introduction of AI in the telecom industry has been gaining speed in recent years. While early experiments and trials show great benefits in improved performance and resilience of the networks, all the way from rollout and operations to deeply embedded features in the heart of the radio access network, the speed of adoption is dependent on observability of systems, underlying AI infrastructures such as data lakes, and MLOps layer making sure the algorithms get refreshed as soon as they start drifting compared to reality. In other words, in the perfect world, where we can observe all the internal workings of the wireless communication system, one can see great benefits of AI, but the path of reaching full observability is not straightforward.

Photo by Mudit Agarwal

Implementing new technology too quickly can lead to various mistakes that can undermine the success of the initiative. Rushing into implementation without conducting thorough research and analysis can result in choosing a solution that doesn’t align with the organization’s needs or goals. In the worst case, organizations will face the need of making a U-turn, redesigning the whole system from scratch and losing substantial investments. Inadequate training and support for employees can lead to resistance and low adoption rates, hindering the technology’s effectiveness. Neglecting to consider scalability and integration with existing systems can lead to technical issues. Overlooking data security and privacy concerns can expose the organization to significant risks, including data breaches and regulatory violations.

Using AI hype in a smart way involves leveraging the excitement and attention surrounding AI to drive positive outcomes for the telecom industry. It’s important to focus on concrete practical applications of AI that address real business challenges and deliver value. Identifying specific use cases where AI can improve efficiency and resilience of the networks, enhance customer experiences, or drive innovation, is critical for telecom providers to ensure that AI ideas lead to action. In addition, it’s essential to invest in talent and infrastructure to support AI implementation. Building a team with expertise in AI technologies, can ensure that the organization has the capabilities to develop and deploy AI solutions successfully and sustainably. In the times of hype, let’s remember the words of the King: “A little less conversation, a little more action”.

Photo by JR Harris

·  

Two Years in Silicon Valley


– How will you celebrate Thanksgiving?
– We’re aliens and still learning how to celebrate in a proper way.
– Which planet are you from?
– We are from planet ABBA.

It has been two years since we moved to Silicon Valley from Stockholm. After the first year we were still in a slight shock (from the speed the things are moving with), and now, after two years we definitely landed, created opinions and found great new friends. We’re grateful for that. And with that, as you can see, we’ve joined the Thanksgiving tradition. Let’s move on. December was a month for reflection, and January is the month for writing so here we go. Here are our reflections and aha-moments from our two years in the Valley:

Diversity and Integration 👍

We had no clue of the amount of diversity in Silicon Valley. Moving to Silicon Valley is not as generic as “moving to the US”. There is a great mix of nationalities, and people speak openly about ethnicity, race(!) and background, and cherish the unique traditions. Our kids friends are from India, China, Africa, Europe, US, you name it. There are no cultural bubbles – they all hang together and learn from each others’ traditions. When our little Pablo started school here, he was 6 years old and did not speak a word of English. The school offered him an extra teacher who spoke his mother tongue and sat next to him during classes for the first six months. Pablo became fluent in English within his first year in US. When our 14 yo Elin first came to Palo Alto high school campus to start as a freshman, she got picked up by the janitor in a golf car with the words “Welcome to our Family!”. When our 13 yo Alexander started JLS Middle School, one of his first classes was Leadership and he was part pf the school’s TV production team. Silicon Valley knows how to integrate expats and kids of expats in record time.

Infrastructure 😐

This is something that you would not expect from a high-tech place like Silicon Valley, right? What we see in practice is that the roads are broken, electrical and internet cables are hanging above the road, and in many places there is no mobile internet coverage. Not surprisingly, autonomous car vendors are not relying on the road infrastructure when they build their features (we’ll come to that). In addition, we had to learn how to write checks…

House Prices 😳

At the time of writing the 4-bedroom house we’re renting has the market value of 5M USD. It has a minimal backyard, and is placed between our neighbour’s houses. People try to get as much as possible from the land in Palo Alto, and the lots are very small. Obviously, Silicon Valley salaries are still very competitive and people can afford buying properties. Many of those who bought their houses in the area say that they would not be able to afford them today, and only the yearly tax would amount to what they once paid as a downpayment on the house.

The Weather 🙃

Welcome to sunny California they said… We gave away all our warm clothes and decided to wear open-toe shoes all year around (when not wearing ski boots ofc). Little did we know… During these two years we got to experience heat waves (45+ celsius), earthquakes, flush floods, mud slides, rock slides, and snow storms, with mandatory electricity outages related to them.

Work Hard Play Hard 💪

From the start we’ve decided to be yes-men, and explore all the social opportunities the Valley brings. The social calendar got fully booked pretty quickly. Work-related mingles, presentations from tech giants, academic gatherings, and school-related activities filled every evening. 95% of them would normally be accompanied by mandatory wine and cheese, and, honestly, some of us could not eat so much cheese… so after a while we decided to be more picky. Especially because our days often start at 5AM in meetings with Sweden, and in combinations with late evenings that life style would not be sustainable. In addition, one quickly notices that every meeting in the Valley is about work. People would be pitching you their business idea, discuss potential innovations or fundraising.

Innovation 🤖

The fact that the level of innovation in the Valley is high is not a surprise for anyone. Here you can see the latest inventions in use. San Francisco is filled with autonomous cabs, Cybertrucks are on the streets, people use AR glasses in daily life, drones are making deliveries, and human-flying drone companies are testing their prototypes. Probably, one of the most important factors in all this is that the Valley is filled by early adopters, and the level of acceptance of the new technology in the society is very high.

Written by Elena Fersman and Paul Pettersson

2022 to 2023

“When the going gets tough the tough gets going”.

An abstract paining of a busy blond woman generated by DALL-E.

It’s time to reflect and make new plans. “How was your 2022?”, Paul said. “Probably the worst year of my life”, I replied. He looked shocked. “Oh, I meant on a macro-perspective. On a micro-perspective, it’s been a good year”. I already talked about the macro-perspective in my previous blog post. On a micro-perspective, it’s been an exciting first year in California for me and my family. It’s been the year of taking tons of vaccinations because we did not have our records from Sweden, buying furniture for the new house in the times of global shortages, choosing courses in the new school system, getting a car after eight years of being proudly car-free, and getting a drivers license for the fourth time in my life. It’s been the year of understanding and getting used to the new – the new school system, the new workplace, the new neighbours and the new traditions. It’s been a year of exploration, and exploration is exciting. We’re locals now; we’re from Palo Alto, California, when we get the question: “Where are you guys from?”. In 2022 we met many new friends who will be our friends for life, I’m sure. And we have strengthened our bond with the friends that we left in Sweden – luckily we meet quite often. I accidentally became a snowboarder. Elin join the swim team and water polo team, Alexander decided not to go for American football (what a relief) and went for soccer instead. Paul Jr is fluent in English and started to correct mine. We spent plenty of time with our amazing friends but that’s never going to be enough.

Work-wise 2022 has been an exciting year. After a long time working from home, we finally returned to the office. I never though that I would be missing going to the office but that’s a fact. 2022 was a year of many changes in my organisation, and 2023 will be the one where we can run faster. I have co-authored a book, together with Paul and Thanos – looking forward to its release in 2023! 2022 was my first full year as a fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering Sciences in Sweden.

My resolutions for 2023:

  • Less shopping!
  • More time with my mom!
  • More time with my friends!
  • Write!
  • Speak-up!

Perspectives

My father passed away in the beginning of this year. It’s something you can never get prepared for. My mother lives alone in Saint Petersburg after being married to my father for 56 years. Extra tough for me after my recent move to California. What I felt that day and the amount of tears was incomparable to what I felt on the 24th of February, when Russia, the country where I was born and lived half of my life, invaded Ukraine. That day I had no words, only tears. This is so much bigger than a personal tragedy of losing a family member. This unexplainable act concerns all of us. Beautiful historic cities in Ukraine are being bombed, people are being killed, and they are hiding and fleeing in fear. And Russians did not ask for this, they are horrified. There are demonstrations on the streets across the whole country and people are raising their voices against the war, under the risk of ending up in prison. The day it started I had no words, only tears. But having no words is not an option. We all have words and we need to make ourselves heard. My 13-year old son who appears to be the only Russian in his school did an interview and spoke his mind for peace. My dear friend Ivetta is organising a concert in Stockholm for peace in Ukraine, with hundreds of people attending. I love Ukraine and Ukrainians, respect and cherish their traditions, and I am in tears every time I watch the news nowadays. Russians and Ukrainians have always been brothers; how do you turn brothers against each other?

My family always had a tradition – every new years eve, while the clock hits 12 times and crosses the midnight, we would write a wish on a small piece of paper for what we hope for the coming year. When I was little and had hard times putting down my wishes my parents always said – write “PEACE”, the word is short (“МИР” in Russian), easy to write and is the most important thing in life. Both my parents were born in 1941 – my mom under evacuation in Samara, and my father in Leningrad, where he got to experience the siege. True stories from that war told by my grandparents have always been with me, like a distant nightmare. No one could think that the evil social exercise will be repeated. I kept writing PEACE on my small piece of paper, every new years eve. This time, the paper will have to be a lot bigger and the voices a lot louder. Because every voice counts.

Photo by Dea Piratedea on Unsplash

Linked Data, Inference and Chinese Whispers.

Technology is simple, people are difficult. People create a piece knowledge, like this one: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public, which also has a timing aspect to it. This piece of knowledge immediately starts spreading and transforming on the way. Knowledge is there to be spread, of course, but there are different ways of doing it. The way I just did it myself, by linking to the original piece of knowledge, does not give me a piece of that spotlight. In a search of a piece of spotlight, people start para-phrasing the original piece of information, picking out pieces, adding own views and passing it on. This leads to a plethora of information pieces out there, with no possibility of backtracking to the original knowledge object.

What’s the mechanism of retrieving the ground truth, that initial knowledge object provided by empirical evidence? An answer to this is linked data. Instead of copying and passing on a piece of knowledge we send a reference to it. This is why I am against sending files via mail – you never know which version of the file you are getting. If instead we only share pointers to knowledge objects we can choose to always get the latest. The knowledge object can by itself evolve as well but keep track of the changes and detect if anyone has tempered with it.

To complicate it further, people, including myself, love detecting patterns in pieces of information, combining knowledge objects together and inferring new pieces of knowledge. We need to make sure we can back-track this chains of inferencing to original facts and ground truth, in line with what Hans Rosling said in Factfulness. A tiny tweak in a piece of information along the chain of reasoning may lead to an incorrect decision in the end of the reasoning chain.

The tiny tweaks may be intentional and unintentional. A minor variation of the ground truth or an error in the reasoning chain may lead to wrong decisions being taken at the end of the reasoning process. When this process concerns life and well-being of people, business-critical decision-making, or societal challenges, it needs to adhere to certain principles:

  • Data should never be copied. Send pointers to data, not the copy.
  • Traceability and explainability in decision-making needs to be in place.
  • In a search for optimal decision, don’t experiment on a live system without boundary conditions.
  • Back-tracking should be possible.
  • Mechanisms for resolving conflicts should be in place.
  • Mechanisms for detecting tweaks in data should be in place.
  • Mechanisms for reversing decisions should be in place.

I’m in love with the T-shape of you

I am going through yet another leadership training program and yet again I get the same verdict: goal-oriented, structured, achievement-driven, knowledge-driven. I whisper into my colleague’s ear: “I am not a people person”. He whispers back: “then maybe you don’t have the right job”.

jigsaw puzzle

The fun fact is that I find a lot of people who are like me. So, I started to analyze the strengths of my leadership team as a whole and came up with; warm, innovative, fun, and some great people leadership skills. So luckily, together we represent all the different but important pieces that we need for this organization.

It got me thinking, last year I wrote a blog post about playing solitaire. This time it’s different– It’s all about putting together a jigsaw puzzle.

For instance, my leadership team comes to me and says: “Elena, we need to have regular all-employee meetings, and no, it’s not OK for you to join online, be present, visible, receptive” – exactly the push I need. I am thankful to have support from my team in various dimensions – we complement each other as pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Each team member comes with a set of special skills, and together we are complete and efficient.

Each piece of our jigsaw puzzle is unique – we have different backgrounds, skill sets, preferences and passions. My unit is a self-going agent within a company close to 100,000 employees representing all its values. Our shape is perfect for our mission, to be the driver of artificial intelligence technology leadership for Ericsson. But if you zoom out, we are a piece of a bigger puzzle.

Let’s now zoom back in again. It’s not just our unit that has a shape. Each person has a shape as well. A T-shaped person has in-depth knowledge in one field (vertical bar of T) and a broad knowledge of an application domain (horizontal bar of T). For example, a statistician specialized in political systems. Or, a politician who knows statistics. It is important that the two bars are connected. For instance, if you are really good at solving differential equations and know a lot about French porcelain of 17th century, then you cannot automatically call yourself a T-shaped person, as they are not really connected the same way.

And similarly to T-shape, there is a Pi-shape with one more leg of in-depth knowledge, and an E-shape… you get the point. In general I would say, the more “bars” you have as a person the more interesting you are. Of course, and in case you choose to be I-shaped, you can still be endlessly interesting for people who are into the same field, but you run a risk of being seen as ‘just a geek’ by everyone else.

Personally, I have been working hard on diversifying my professional profile (or adding more bars to my shape) while keeping it all connected. I gladly take opportunities of diving into new areas and shifting my focus from old areas. In the long run this strategy should bring me to the shape of a Swiss army knife. There are plenty of “bars” of different shapes and directions, and they are all connected, and one can actually choose which parts of the knife to fold in or out. Or, if we were to tweak the rules of the jigsaw puzzle, the more skills you have, the better you fit in with the other pieces.

Still, having all these different skills is one thing and enjoying using them is another. Doing a good job is not necessarily the same thing as having fun at work while doing a good job. Being a fan of multi-parametric optimization problems, I aim at maximizing the fun, so that we all get to use our favorite skills. So forgive me for not being a people person, luckily I have my team to compensate for that. And next time you find me hiding in a corner during a mingle, please come by and say: I read your blog post!

love who you are
Written by me and originally published here: https://www.ericsson.com/en/blog/2020/3/im-in-love-with-the-t-shape-of-you

Balance for Better

Do you know what’s the best strategy for playing solitaire? Balance your piles of cards.

When you have a choice between piles to reveal the next down-facing card, you should pick from the largest pile. It has been a while since I played solitaire, but the rule got stuck in my head. We all have many different piles in our lives, formed by our jobs, families, and hobbies. To succeed in the long run, we need to pay attention to all the piles, and specifically to the bigger ones. Every time we have a deadline at work, we give that pile more attention, which is ok for a while as long as we don’t forget to shift the balance later because we want to win the whole game, not just empty one of the piles.

Now, imagine that our piles represent blocks of different opinions. It may seem tempting to only work with opinions resembling your own. That way you may seem efficient in the short run but will be doomed in the long run because diversity is important for success. Diverse teams create the most innovative ideas and solutions. When you run an organization, a project or a meeting, don’t forget all the different perspectives, otherwise, in the long run, you may end up in a local minimum.

I love my diverse team at Ericsson Research. AI Research is composed of researchers based in Sweden, India, USA, Brazil, and Hungary. We have forgotten why physical co-location was so important and instead do virtual co-location. Working on the same data sets, within the same environments through the same tools and on the same projects is way more important than physical closeness. If only we could do something about the time difference…

On the other hand, when we in Europe come to work, we can build on the results from our Indian colleagues, and when we go home, we hand over to our colleagues in The Americas, so that cross-continental projects can deliver results around the clock. Diversity has a great social aspect to it as well. Our diversity is something that we all have in common, and something that we gladly discuss with each other.

Now to my biggest passion – technology. Working with Artificial Intelligence is fun – it’s broad and deep and can be applied to so many things. And one of the things that fascinate me most is that AI technology is inspired by humans and nature. This means that whatever humans found to be successful in their lives and in evolutionary processes can be used when creating new algorithms. Diversity, inclusion, balance, and flexibility are very important here as well, with respect to data and knowledge, and diverse, organizations are for sure better equipped for creating responsible algorithms. In the era of big data, let’s make sure we don’t discriminate the small data.

This blog was written by me and initially published here: https://www.ericsson.com/en/blog/2019/3/balance-for-better

Jan 2020 monthly report

January swished by and it’s time to follow up on the progress of new year’s resolutions.

  1. Books ✔. I have accidentally read four. The lovely app I am using for streaming audiobooks is so good at serving me just right things, making me curious and getting me hooked.
  2. Exercise. I managed to achieve 1.75 per week on average and that wasn’t easy.
  3. Blogging. I have only written three this month (one internal and two external). I have plenty of ideas and not enough time discipline to put them on paper. You know these activities without deadline. Can someone force me please?
  4. Teach Paul Junior to ski and to swim ✔. Planned.
  5. Wear heels. Improvement area.
  6. Spend more time with my parents ✔. I have trips to Saint Petersburg planned in March, May and June and July ❤

How can i improve? Read or write while exercising on high heels?

Looking for a fun job – look here!

Let me start by telling you a joke.

Five advices to men for a happy life:

  • Find a woman that helps you with the cleaning and the chores,
  • Find a woman that is a good cook,
  • Find a woman that you can trust and share your feelings with,
  • Find a woman that enjoys making love to you,
  • Last and the most important thing is that these four women should never meet.

So, I am writing an unusual job ad:

  • I am looking for an assistant who can do administrative tasks (but rather wouldn’t).
  • I am looking for a hacker who loves automation.
  • I am looking for an innovator capable of thinking outside the box.
  • I am looking for a people person who is good at understanding people’s needs.
  • And the most important thing is that it should be the same person.
Image result for boring admin job

In other words, I am looking for a person who will be able to challenge us in any task we do and see if we can become more efficient without compromising on integrity, regulations and principles. Let me tell you about some of these tasks:

  • Expense reporting. According to regulations, each receipt needs to be scanned, attached to the expense report, and then the whole report has to be printed and submitted. Can we optimise things here? For example, I always prefer to get receipts in digital form, so that i can immediately forward them to my assistant. Or, maybe they can automatically go to my assistant or a special inbox with my receipts? Or should we integrate with SAP directly and skip sending receipts to inboxes? (note: Uber offers this functionality already). Can we automate report printing and posting as well?
  • Purchasing. I have a simple rule: I delegate to my assistant to approve all purchases that are obviously motivated and are under a certain amount. These are 95% of all purchases. This sounds like a simple script to me. Don’t tell my employees.
  • Time reporting. Some lucky people like myself do not need to do time reporting. But most of our employees face a complex project structure. For example, when you work on EU projects, you need to track all the hours, and report them accordingly. If my time is split between five projects, can I please have 5 buttons on my screen and click on them in accordance with the project I am working with? Or, can we let an AI figure out which project someone is working on judging from the context?
  • Monthly reporting. I have a feeling that most of the people find monthly reporting boring when it in fact should be joyful and an opportunity to tell your colleagues about your progress. Let’s make it joyful. Let’s forbid sending snippets of text via mail. Let’s forbid copy-pasting. Let people write about things they are proud of, or things that they believe need attention. Let us use our favourite platforms for that, and don’t force people to do it once per month. And every piece of news should be hash-tagged so that later on anyone could easily create an on-demand ad-hoc report. My boss should be able to check out all achievements of my organisation towards a certain stakeholder within a certain time interval, for example.
  • Keeping track of employee inflow-outflow. This sounds easy, but it’s not. For normal employees we need to track the status – empty position – job offered – contract signed – started. Not all of these states are reflected in our HR system but we still need to keep track. We also have many different kinds of interns – summer interns, master thesis workers, PhD students, postdocs, some with salary from our company, some without.
  • Employee onboarding. When you join our company you get an account, email address, computer, phone, desk, screen, chair, etc which is a pretty generic starter kit. Of course you can choose which phone you would like to have and which computer you would like to have. I can think of a simple web form for all new employees where the computer/phone model gets chosen, and an automatic purchase gets triggered.
  • Scheduling meetings. I start by saying that I love meetings. It’s probably the first time you heard anyone say that. The trick is that I became very picky with which meetings I attend. I simply choose the ones that I love – content-heavy and action-oriented, aiming at creating impact.
  • And anything else that you may find inefficient – challenge me!

The skills: hacking, scripting, SAP, Sharepoint, RPA. You come with an open mind and we give you access to our tools. You will also get this hoodie from me personally (used, by me, during my postdoc time in Paris).

Image result for got root